The introduction of CCTV and associated changes in heroin purchase and injection settings in Footscray, Victoria, Australia

Objectives: In June 2011, closed-circuit television (CCTV) was introduced in Footscray (a suburb of Melbourne, Australia) to help deter street-based drug trading. We investigate whether there were subsequent shifts in the settings (e.g., street, house) in which heroin was purchased or injected by people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods: Using heroin purchase data from the Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study, multinomial logistic models with fixed effects for CCTV introduction were used to estimate the percentage of: (1) heroin purchased on the street, from mobile dealers and in house settings; and (2) heroin injections occurring in street, car, public toilet, and house settings. Displacement effects were investigated with a logistic model capturing the likelihood of traveling to Footscray to purchase heroin. Results: Following CCTV introduction, the percentage of heroin injections occurring in public toilet settings decreased by 13 % (95 % CI -27 %, -0 %). This was accompanied by a non-significant increase in the percentage of heroin injections in street settings of 23 % (95 % CI -1 %, +41 %). Changes in other settings were small and non-significant. No suburb displacement effects were found. Conclusions: The introduction of CCTV in Footscray may have displaced PWID who previously injected heroin in public toilets to street settings. Apart from this, Footscray’s street-based heroin market operates much as it did before CCTV