Spectroscopy: Basic Principles

Spectroscopy is the study of electromagnetic radiation and its production from, or its interaction with, matter. Historically, spectroscopy has played an essential role in the development of atomic theory, and it is still extensively used for fundamental studies. Spectroscopic techniques are widely used in forensic laboratories for quantitative and qualitative analysis. This article provides an overview of the basic principles of spectroscopy as applied to analytical measurements; for more in-depth details concerning specific matter–radiation interactions, instrumentation, and techniques, readers are directed to the reference works listed under Further Reading