State and stateless nationalisms, old and new diversities, and federal governance

"This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in The Multicultural Dilemma: Migration, Ethnic Politics, and State Intermediation on 2012, available online: https://www.routledge.com/The-Multicultural-Dilemma-Migration-Ethnic-Politics-and-State-Intermediation/Williams/p/book/9780415631235".After reviewing theoretical concepts and premises, a distinction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ diversities is carried out prior to the discussion on managing diversity in federal countries. Based upon previous research on twelve federal countries, including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, Germany, India, Nigeria, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States of America, six “ideal types” of federal countries are identified around the world. The purpose of this analytical exercise is to highlight the various federal institutional strategies concerning the management of diversity, particularly in plural-multicultural societies. The last section of this chapter illustrates federal experiences by reviewing arrangements concerning ethno-national, linguistic, religious and multiculturalist diversities provided by the cases under observation. Concluding remarks point out that federal governance can be useful not just for territorially concentrated diversities --the main focus of this chapter-- but increasingly for new non-territorial diversity as well.The author gratefully acknowledges the support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education (PR2010-0095) at the time of writing this chapter.Peer reviewe