International audienceThrough a review of the academic literature, this paper critically examines the mobilization of the concept of resilience in the field of the adaptation to climate change in urban systems. It interrogates firstly the real reasons of the actual successfulness of the concept of resilience, then it breaks off with the dominant flip-side approach of vulnerability and resilience which both are considered as the reverse polarity (negative versus positive) of the same medal and finally, it argues the idea more and more communally admitted that resilience represents a new paradigm of both risks management and urban sustainable planning in link with climate change.À partir d’une revue de la littérature académique, cet article o...