Multilingualism and diversity of religions in Indonesia: linguistic landscape of places of worship in Surabaya

This thesis examines about linguistic landscape and multilingualism at six places of worship in Surabaya representing each religion in Indonesia including Mosque of Al Akbar, Church of Greja Kristen Jawi Wetan Jemaat Ngagel, Catholic Church of Hati Kudus Yesus, Buddhist Monastery of Buddha Maitreya, Hindustan Temple of Jagat Karana and Chinese Temple of Mbah Ratu. The researcher mainly employs Landry and Bourhis’ theory to analyze the linguistic landscape, in which this theory provides what is the definition of linguistic landscape and anything that is categorized as linguistic landscape. Gorter’s theory is also employed to analyze the multilingualism which appears in each place of worship chosen in which this theory provides any factor which make multilingualism exist. By combining quantitative method and qualitative method, this research has applied on how to analyse linguistic landscape and multilingualism at places of worship. Moreover, the researcher roles as a human instrument who has observed each selected place of worship and interviewed the officers of each selected place of worship in order to get the data. Sorting, counting, transcribing, and classifying are the process of the data analysis. The applied method has helped reach the objectives of the study by gaining 469 pictures of signs which consist of monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual signs. Also, some information related to the languages on the signs according to the officers of the analyzed places of worship has been gained. Thus, the research report finds out that each selected place of worship has at least three languages on their signs. There are nine languages found among those places of worship. Those languages are Indonesian, English, Chinese, Arabic, Latin, Hindi, Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese. They are used on the signs for a reason. Showing the identity, presenting the value, the symbol of the diversity are the reasons why those languages are displayed on the signs