Miniaturization of printed monopole antenna using double e-shaped meander line for ultra high frequency applications / Nabilah Ripin

This study proposed an effective method to miniaturize the printed monopole antenna using a double E-shaped meander line structure that were combination of several slots and a meander line. The proposed antenna was also incorporated with defected ground structure (DGS) at the bottom layer. The proposed design is intended to overcome the limitation of the wire monopole antenna, where the size of the wire monopole is quite bulky besides it is unable to be integrated into modern portable device. Flame retardant type 4 (FR-4) with dielectric constant, 8_r of 4.3 and thickness, h of 1.6 mm was used as a base substrate. The design was simulated using electromagnetic simulation package software to analyze the antenna reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), input impedance, bandwidth, antenna gain and surface current distribution. The design started from a typical square printed monopole as a reference antenna with overall size of 83.80x143.74 |[mm3 A2 covering 878 MHz for forward scatter radar (FSR) network. Parametric analysis has been carried out comprehensively to provide desired antenna performances at targeted frequency band. The miniaturization was achieved due to the fact that the slot and meander line increased the current distribution along the radiating area, in which, the effective capacitance and inductance of the radiator was increased as well. Hence, this led to the reduction in resonant frequency that allows miniaturization of antenna to obtain the targeted frequency. The new structure of the double E-shaped meander line patch reducing the overall size of the design to 46.80x74.00 KmmJ A2 corresponding to 0.137A._0>