Gene bank preparation from the endemic shrimps and crustaceans of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Genetic knowledge and Gene bank preparation can help to protect biodiversity and detect , species identify , fishing offenses , genetic classification and also identification the faliure cross hybridizations of marine animals. In this study, sampling was performed from Jask, guatr and Hormuz areas, which is the most important habitats for the species studied using bottom trawl. Total DNA extraction was performed using phenol- chloroform method. After relevant studies on this gene primers were designed and in use. After editing the sequences, nucleotide BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) was performed using NCBI blast main page. The sequences obtained from each sample were aligned and corrected from any ambiguities and assembled using Bio edit program. Trees were generated using maximum parsimony (MP), a character-based algorithm and neighbor joining (NJ) a distance-based algorithm for phenetic analysis. The distance matrix option of MEGA4 was used to calculate genetic distance according to the Kimura 2-parameter model of sequence evolution. Based on the results obtained, the optical density of 260 to 280 nm in the samples was recorded between 1/8 - 2, indicating good quality DNA samples. Optimized PCR reaction to 16SrRNA and COI gene amplification using the gradient between 48 - 60° C showed that the most suitable criteria for binding primers, 48 and 54 Celsius degrees respectively. The project objectives including the identification of the genetic structure of the species, and draw the phylogenetic trees using two genes 16SrRNA and COI, making identification and registration of specified computer storage and regulate the structure and management of mentioned species by focus on genetic resources 5 species of shrimp (P. semisulcatus، P. indicus، P. merguiensis ، P. monodon، M. affinis) in the Persia Gulf and Oman Sea through the creation of an integrated network of aquatic genetic resources in the region to try to identify genetic resources and aquatic gene bank. Molecular investigation of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) using partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene showed relatively low genetic differences between the P. semisulcatus morphotypes. These sequences were able to distinguish between the two morphotypes, and separated them into two distinct clades. Also genetic divergence detected by COI gene analysis was consistently higher. High genetic divergence for COI was observed between the two morphotypes of P.semeisulcatus which emphesise that the gene bank preparation should be perform for this morphotype of this species. This type of analysis could be considered as an important tool to be used in broodstock selection in breeding programs. In this case, different management in broodstocking programs should be performed for two morphotypes of P. semisulcatus which were detected in Persian Gulf. The results of this study show that two Morphotype of P.semisulcatus can be considered as two separate species from genetic aspects. In this regard, it can be assumed that the genetic composition of the studied species is very close together and we've no seen a huge difference in the species except in the green tiger species