Continuous model theories for von Neumann algebras

International audienceWe axiomatize in (first order finitary) continuous logic for metric structures $\sigma$-finite $W^*$-probability spaces and preduals of von Neumann algebras jointly with a weak-* dense $C^*$-algebra of its dual. This corresponds to the Ocneanu ultrapower and the Groh ultrapower of ($\sigma$-finite in the first case) von Neumann algebras. We give various axiomatizability results corresponding to recent results of Ando and Haagerup including axiomatizability of $III_\lambda$ factors for $0<\lambda\leq 1$ fixed and their preduals. We also strengthen the concrete Groh theory to an axiomatization result for preduals of von Neumann algebras in the language of tracial matrix-ordered operator spaces, a natural language for preduals of dual operator systems. We give an application to the isomorphism of ultrapowers of factors of type $III$ and $II_\infty$ for different ultrafilters