Working towards a Meaningful Transition of Human Control over Automated Driving Systems

Automated vehicles with partial automation, supporting both longitudinal and lateral control of the vehicle, are currently available for the consumer. The consequences of driving with this type of advanced driver assistance systems is not well-known, and could cause the human driver to become out-of-the-loop, or cause other types of adverse behavioural adaptation, leading to dangerous circumstances. Therefore, understanding what the effects of driving with automated driving systems are from the human driver’s perspective is becoming imperative. By means of a literature-based approach, this paper presents a framework of human control over automated driving systems. This framework shows the quantified distribution of human behaviour over all the levels of automation. The implications, discrepancies and apparent mismatches this framework elicits are discussed, and recommendations are made to provide a meaningful transition of human control over automated driving systems