A human-in-the-loop approach for energy flexibility system integration to support infrastructures

Traditionally top down organized energy supply in electricity and gas networks have to cope with decentralized renewable energy production. This decentralized energy generation on micro level introduces growing complexities and uncertainties that have to be factored in operations. Occupant behaviour in buildings is a key factor that significantly influences the energy consumption of buildings. Whilst researchers have focused considerable effort into understanding and developing strategies that address the impact of occupant behaviour on building energy consumption, the high-energy demand of buildings is a useful source of demand-side energy flexibility for the smart-grid. In harnessing the energy flexibility potentials of buildings, energy management systems play a vital role to optimally coordinate the use of buildings energy flexibility without compromising occupant demands