Studying the linguistic ecology of Singapore: a comparison of college and university students

The focus of research on Singapore English has traditionally been on its structural features, while the relationship between English and other official languages of the Republic within the individual speaker has attracted much less interest, and comparatively little empirical data exist on the actual linguistic ecology of individual Singaporeans. The present study explores the results of detailed language background questionnaires eliciting the linguistic and sociological background of 300 Singaporean university and polytechnic students. The questionnaires assess not only how many languages a speaker is proficient in, but also when and how they acquired each language, how often and in which contexts speakers make use of which language, as well as their attitudes to different languages. The data depict a fine-grained picture of language use among Singaporean students that challenges the notion of the typical multilingual Singaporean. On the whole, students exhibit bilingual or trilingual identities and report positive attitudes towards both English and their respective mother tongue. Attitudes towards Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish) are also generally positive, especially among university students, as Singlish evidently continues to serve as an important marker of Singaporean identity