Screening and management: overview

The scope of the problem presented by chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide has been detailed in the two preceding chapters. To recapitulate what was discussed in Chapter 1, CKD is defined on the basis of a measured or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or evidence of kidney damage for at least 3 months (Table 4-1). CKD is classified according to five glomerular filtration rate GFR stages (Table 4-2) and degree of albuminuria (Table 4-3). Recent evidence has demonstrated that the degree of albuminuria provides prognostic information that is at least as important as GFR staging, such that information about parameters should be considered for optimal staging and risk stratification