Design and Construction of Rubble Mound Structures: An Introduction

The design and construction of structures for the coast lines of the world must consider numerous forces and factors. These include the purpose of the structure, the design waves, the design wave climate, the material of which the structure is to be built, foundation conditions, earthquakes, tsunamis, availability of construction and maintenance equipment, availability of funds for maintenance, availability of laboratory and oceanic equipment and vessels, etc. The focus of this lecture today however, will primarily include conceptual and practical factors, including those considered in the Hudson formula for design of rubble mound structures against waves. Firstly, perhaps the most difficult question that must be answered in general coastal design is: What are the forces acting on the structure? The following subjects will be discussed: - General Concepts - Case Histories - Nested Units In conclusion, I believe that with good coastal engineering, economical rubble mound structures can be designed, built, and maintained in exposed coastal locations. However, each site must be considered individually, and additionally, research must be undertaken to fully quantify loadings, stresses and design of concrete armor units to provide stable designs with appropriate safety factors.ICCE 199