Use of bioelectric impedance analysis measurements in medical treatment of athletes

Teoretična izhodišča: Biolelektrična prevodnost je definirana kot zmožnost upiranja električnemu toku bioloških tkiv. Metoda bioelektrične impedančne analize (BIA) meri telesno zgradbo na podlagi upornosti tkiv na električni tok skozi telo osebka. Obstaja znaten interes za uporabo BIA pri evaluaciji sestave telesa v športu. Sestava telesa ima velik vpliv na atletsko uspešnost, telesna vadba pa lahko spremeni telesno konstitucijo. Metodologija: Sistematični pregled literaturi je bil izveden v bazah podatkov MEDLINE (Pubmed), ScienceDirect in CINAHL. Iskalni niz \u27\u27bioelectric* impedance AND sport*\u27\u27 je bil uporabljen za iskanje raziskav uporabe BIA na področju športa in telesne vadbe. Rezultati: V podrobno obdelavo je bilo vključenih dvanajst študij. Štiri so analizirale uporabo BIA za določanje populacijskih karakteristik športnikov, tri so evaluirale natančnost meritev BIA ob meritvah športnikov, pet študij pa je ugotavljajo uporabnost BIA za sledenje spremembam v telesni zgradbi povzročenimi s telesno vadbo. Diskusija in zaključek: Evaluacija telesne sestave je izredno pomembna v okolju vrhunskega športa in telesna vadbe. BIA je obetavna metoda, ki ima potencial, da se uveljavi kot najprimernejša metoda analize telesne kompozicije zaradi njene priročnosti in možnosti množične uporabe. Nadaljnje študije so potrebne za povečanje natančnosti metode, potreben je tudi razvoj približnostnih enačb za specifične športne discipline.Introduction: Bioelectric impedance is defined as the ability of biological tissue to impede electric current. Bioelectric impedance analysis method provides body composition assessment based on the tissue impedace when stimulated through an electrical current. There is interest in using BIA in body evaluation in the sports field. Body composition affects athletic performance and is altered through physical training. Methodology: Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (Pubmed), ScienceDirect in CINAHL databases. Search command \u27\u27bioelectric* impedance AND sport*\u27\u27 was used to find research on the use of BIA in sport and exercise setting. Results: Twelve studies were included. Four analysed the use of BIA in determining characteristics of specific athlete populations, three evaluated the accuracy of BIA in athlete measurement, five studies determined the usability of BIA in tracking changes in body composition that occured though physical exercise. Discussion: Evaluation of body composition is very imporatant in a professional sports and exercise setting. BIA is a promising method with the potential to be established as the most suitable body composition analysis method in the sports field, due to its practicality and capability of mass use. Futher study is required in order to increase its\u27 accuracy, also sport-specific estimation equation need to be developed