Architectural Building Techniques’ History

Lo studio delle strutture murarie dell’edilizia storica sottintende un sostanziale e significativo collegamento tra il fenomeno costruttivo e le componenti politiche, amministrative, economiche e sociali. Tali fattori sono particolarmente evidenti ed hanno inciso, in ogni tempo, in maniera consistente sulle caratteristiche delle tecniche costruttive e sui meccanismi di diffusione nonché sulle caratteristiche formali. L’indagine delle strutture murarie deve essere svolta con metodo e deve essere articolata in una schedatura e in una classificazione dei singoli casi individuando i ‘caratteri distintivi’ generali della tecnica muraria e le loro varianti. La schedatura fornisce sia una base dove registrare le informazioni e i dati caratterizzanti per una datazione della tipologia muraria sia uno strumento di trasmissione delle stesse notizie per ulteriori future utilizzazioni ed interpretazioni. Essa fornisce, altresì, la base analitico-descrittiva, indispensabile per ogni successivo momento interpretativo e valutativo, volto ad elaborare risposte di tipo architettonico di natura tecnica, storica ed estetica sulle tecniche murarie. Nell’articolo in oggetto si propone un’esemplificazione del metodo d’analisi e schedatura per il rilievo delle strutture murarie.The current landscape of the debate on the analytical study of building techniques, seen as an integral part of the historical-critical study of the historical, finds its roots in the investigations and contributions of historians, of treatises and technical, developed during the nineteenth century, with occasional advances in the sixteenth-XVIII.Lo study of the walls of the building tradition preindustrial implies a substantial and significant connection between the phenomenon and constructive aspects of seemingly unrelated to the nature of this, as the political, administrative, economic and social . These factors are particularly evident and have Incidentally, in a consistent manner on the peculiar characteristics of the construction technique and especially on the mechanisms of diffusion and on the characteristics formali.Il given wall can then be considered as a full document, testimony of a series of phenomena produced by a particular human society in a well-defined period of time: it is therefore to be included as part of the documents relating to a concept of history is understood in a global sense rather than sectoral, able to understand and penetrate the phenomenon of technical and economic reasons, the taste, the culture, the mentality of the different historical periods in a global view of the sequence of events in tempo.Lo study of masonry technique should therefore be approached from multiple points of view in order to reconstruct the complex and varied schedule determined by the customs local reasons for the persistence of social, political, administrative and geographical, from the geological composition of the site, the ease of obtaining the raw materials necessary for the construction and the 'culture' of skilled workers, local or no.Chiariti the assumptions and the general approach of direct research in the area, you must start with a basic analytical and descriptive, which is essential for every subsequent moment of interpretation and evaluation, designed to develop type responses architectural technical, historical and aesthetic techniques murarie.L 'investigation and the filing of the walls should be done by making a thorough classification of individual cases, thus identifying the' distinctive characteristics' general masonry technique (the presence of horizontal courses, rows of constant height, joints staggered, and the conformation and the size of the stone elements assembled on site) and their varianti.Nel classify masonry structures is therefore necessary to identify the key factors in the phenomenon: to evaluate the variables that characterize the single wall structure, so as to uniquely qualify it by certain parameters. On the basis of these will be drawn up a card for the relief of murature.Per analytical cataloging and classification of the walls must therefore operate a summary of the data taken from direct observation of the structure, trying to collect under a number of essential items and brief descriptions, the highest possible number of information. The catalog provides a basis in fact is a place to record information and data for characterizing a dating type of wall is an instrument of transfer of that information for further study interpretazioni.Lo and future uses of the building technique is so open to interpretation and a 'broad and articulated interpretation of concrete data, represented by the same walls, providing important insights to economic considerations and political-administrative, such as issues relating to the organization of the low-medieval shipyard, the influence of the corporate system and its presence in the city and in fact that papale.Per what concerns the possibility of classification and dating of the type of walls 'in tuff', the inductive analysis allowed to identify some general rules of development of the technique, which propagates in the territory Lazio characters of uniqueness and uniqueness