Enhancement of magnetic and surface properties in magneto-pulse electrodeposited Fe-Pd alloy thin films at various deposition potentials

Superimposition of constant magnetic field (parallel and perpendicular) in Fe-Pd alloy
 electrodeposition shown interesting magnetic, morphological and microstructural
 properties of deposited thin films. X-ray diffraction results show a face centered cubic
 structure at (-1.0V and -1.05V ) and body centered cubic structure at (-1.1V ) based on
 anomalous co-deposition. Crystallite sizes (-1.05V (7.95nm)) are improving in
 presence of parallel external magnetic field (4.16nm), on the contrary perpendicular
 orientation increase the crystallite sizes (8.42nm). Field emission scanning electron
 microscopy images reveal densely packed uniform nanogranular nature of all films,
 where superimposition of parallel magnetic field leads to more finer grains. A clear soft ferromagnetic
 behavior with easy in-plane orientation found in all deposits. Increase in
 Fe (at%) in films leads to higher saturation magnetization. The highest saturation
 magnetization (Ms) is achieved (1157emu/cc(-1.1V ))in superimposed (k) magnetic
 field samples proves external magnetic field increases (Ms). Atomic
 force microscopy images reveal low film roughness (parallel field), whereas higher
 roughness are observed at (perpendicular field). Observed patch-like domains in
 magnetic force microscopy images at (-1.05V (k)) proves parallel magnetic field
 influencing domain formation. The counter play between external magnetic field and
 deposition potential to achieve high quality films in superimposed magnetic field
 electrodeposition were studied