Evaluation of the immune response against immature viral particles of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV): A new model to develop an attenuated vaccine

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a worldwide problem affecting both freshwater and seawater fish. Vaccines developed against IPNV are not as efficient in the field as they are in tests. Moreover, research in the development of vaccines against IPNV has often shown that vaccines can stimulate the immune response of fish antibodies but do not protect efficiently against IPNV. In fact, sometimes dead infected fish show high antibody titers against IPNV. This suggests that the magnitude of total antibodies stimulated by the vaccine is not necessarily related to the level of protection against IPN, suggesting that a new method is needed to evaluate vaccine stimulation of the immune system. We propose in vitro evaluation of the non-specific cytotoxic cells (NCC) of the innate immune response, in addition to humoral specific response. Moreover, it is necessary to develop innovative methods to improve fish vaccines. In this work, IPNV replicative intermediaries (provirus) were u