The concept of reference is part of the equivocations that any language holds since it comprises two meanings that need to be put in relation. What is not plain is the link between the concept of reference on one hand, which is terminological in philosophy and linguistics and, on the other hand, the concept of reference when it means "to make reference". The first can only be understood through the contraposition with the concept of meaning, when pairing meaning/reference or meaning/denotation that helps to discriminate between the meaning of a word or clause and the designation of an object. The second implies a model and the possibility of a transmission or tradition. How does the way the search engine Google operates brings about a shift...