Spirituality and meaning in later life

The purpose of the present study was to determine construct validity of the Purpose in Life (PIL) test and Hoge\u27s Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale (IRM). A second objective of the study was to probe for developmental differences in the perception of meaning of life. Additionally, the study explored interrelationships of the Purpose in Life test and Hoge\u27s Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale. The study built on previous research utilizing the PIL and IRM by expanding the age range of subjects participating in prior studies, and the theoretical foundation was grounded in the writings of Viktor Frankl regarding meaning in life. The study utilized a cross-sectional, nonexperimental, descriptive research design. The sample of 271 subjects for the present study consisted of adolescents and adults aged 19 to 98 years who were involved in activities which had the potential to provide meaning in their lives (education, employment, socialization). Assessment instruments included the Purpose in Life test and Hoge\u27s Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale. The pencil and paper questionnaires were administered within a two month period in 1991 at three sites including a large public university, small private college, and a senior citizens\u27 center in the Midwest. The findings of the present study indicate that both the PIL and IRM demonstrate construct validity when applied to ages 19-99 and that self-reported perception of purpose in life and intrinsic religious motivation increases as one ages. Also findings support a significant correlation between scores on the PIL and IRM and factor analysis supports the fact that these instruments measure different constructs