Potentiated physical education interventions are effective in ameliorating physical fitness of Italian primary schoolchildren

Purpose: School-based PE programs are poor nationwide and they need to be potentiated against a rising prevalence of chronic diseases and physical inactivity. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of 40 versus 20 physical education (PE) classes on physical fitness of a cohort of northwestern Italian primary schoolchildren. Methods: 5751 schoolchildren aged 6\u201311 years were studied between November 2017 and May 2018 from 25 primary schools of Lombardy. Pupils underwent either a control group (CON, # = 2553;$ = 2864) or an experimental group (PLUS, # = 158; $ = 176) in which they attended 20 or 40 PE classes, respectively. Sixty-minute classes were delivered once a week (CON) or biweekly (PLUS) by qualified PE teaching assistants through an approximate school semester. Anthropometrics, cardiorespiratory (six-minute walking test, 6MWT), musculoskeletal (standing broad jump, SBJ) and motor fitness (4 9 10 m shuttle run test, SRT) were evaluated at baseline and upon completion of the study. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was performed. Results: At the end of the study, PLUS group revealed a better distribution of BMI categories (under weight UW Dpost\u2013pre = - 5.4%; normal weight NW Dpost\u2013pre = ? 8.9%; overweight OW Dpost\u2013pre =- 3.6%) compared to controls (UW Dpost\u2013pre = - 0.4%; NW Dpost\u2013pre = ? 1.6%; OW Dpost\u2013pre = - 1%). PLUS children improved almost all fitness performances by a greater extent (6MWT: pre 606.8 \ub1 104/post 644.5 \ub1 93.5 m, p\0.0001; SBJ: pre 119.1 \ub1 25.3/post 124.8 \ub1 25.9 cm, p\0.0001; SRT: pre 14.9 \ub1 2.5/post 13.8 \ub1 1.9 s, p\0.0001) with respect to CON children (6MWT: pre 611.4 \ub1 102.1/post 623.6 \ub1 92.4 m, p\0.0001; SBJ: pre 116.8 \ub1 25.3/post 123.4 \ub1 24 cm, p\0.02; SRT: pre 14.8 \ub1 2.4/post 14.3 \ub1 2 s, p\0.0001). Means and SD. Conclusions: This design confirms the need to implement wellstructured, school-based PE programs. Particularly, higher frequency of PE classes is advocated in order to ameliorate health-related physical fitness competence