When we speak about indigenous peoples we refer to different collectivities (approximately 400 million people globally) characterized by different situations in demographic, territorial, social and political terms, from small populations in voluntary isolation (PAV) to integrated communities in urban contexts. These peoples and individuals in the last decades have been recognized with specific rights whose assumed relevance has determined the flowering of studies from different perspectives (sociological, juridical, philosophical and anthropological) that, intertwining, allow us to have a knowledge of historical specificities and the political, economic and social dynamics that are characterizing this phenomenon in each nation. The essays c...