Les statuts lombards du XIVème siècle : entre coutume et loi des segneurs

L'esame delle norme degli statuti lombardi dimostra come gli statuti medievali non possano essere studiati quali fonti isolate. Nelle diverse contingenze storiche, sociali, economiche e culturali, lo statuto deve essere studiato in relazione a consuetudini, leggi dello Stato, pratiche giudiziarie , interpretazione dottrinale. Non bisogna inoltre sottostimare i conflitti politici sottostanti alle riforme statutarie.The investigation over some XIVth century statutory Lombard rules aims at showing how these sources should not be studied by itself as a monolithic source of law. While looking for the scope and the imlementation of these rules we should always bear in mind that statutes are a part of a complex system of sources : Each text may give us different answers according to the legal, political, cultural and economic historical perspective of the time. On one side, looking at the concurrent legal sources (seigneurial decrees, statutes, customs, practice, roman and canon law and the interpretation in the commentaries on corpus iuris, consilia, quaestiones and so on). On the other side considering that statutory rules were often the result of a strong political struggle.L'examen de quelques normes des statuts lombards du XIV \ue8me si\ue8cle nous montre que les sources statutaires ne peuvent pas etre \ue9tudi\ue9es isol\ue9ment. Chaque texte ne peur r\ue9pondre \ue0 nos questions concernant l'histoire juridique, \ue9conomique, sociale et culturelle d'une \ue9poque que s'il est \ue9xamin\ue9 en relation avec les coutumes, la l\ue9gislation seigneuriale et centrale, l'usage en mati\ue8re judiciaire et l'interpr\ue9tation savante, attest\ue9e pour le XIV \ue8me si\ue8cle par l'interpr\ue9tation du corpus iuris civilis, pae les questions transmises par les trait\ue9s et par les avis des docteurs et des avocats (consilia). En outre, il convient de ne pas sous\ue0estimer les conflits politiques sous-jacents aux r\ue9formes statutairesl