Inherently chiral, highly electroactive macrocyclic oligothiophenes: a new class with a "Portfolio" of outstanding potentialities

We have recently introduced1,2,3 an entirely new class of chiral oligothiophene macrocycles, easily accessible by either chemical or electrochemical oxidation of monomers, like the BT2-T4 one in Figure 1 (taken from ref. 3), endowed with "inherent chirality". Such property stems from a tailored torsion in the main conducting backbone,1,2 corresponding to a high rotational energy barrier. Thus the monomer can be separated into stable enantiopure antipodes, whose chirality is entirely transferred to the corresponding cyclic oligomers. The new molecules possess an uncommon pool of outstanding properties even as racemates. For example: \ub7 they idealize conducting polymers without end, that is, without defectivity connected with free terminals; \ub7 in CV and EIS experiments they exhibit very fast and reversible electron transfer and charge transport; \ub7 their HOMO and LUMO levels, which are modulable with the multiplicity and length of the monomer units in the cyclic oligomer, appear convenient for application in devices like bulk heterojunction solar cells; \ub7 they are electrochromic; \ub7 they exhibit (negative) photocurrent activity. Most impressive, however, are the properties as enantiopure antipodes, possibly as a consequence of the unique coincidence of the source of both chirality and electroactivity with the entire main conducting backbone, which affords inter alia to reversibly modulate chiroptical properties by electrochemical polarization. The enantiopure oligomers exhibit: \ub7 impressive optical rotatory power; \ub7 impressive circular dichroism signals, which can be finely and reversibly modulated by the electrical potential ("breathing chirality"); \ub7 remarkable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL); \ub7 outstanding enantiorecognition ability. In particular, we have recently highlighted3 their applicative potentialities as low-cost and easy-to-prepare artificial enantiopure electrode surfaces, which display an unprecedented ability to pronouncedly separate voltammetry peaks of enantiomers of quite different chiral probes, including the model ferrocenyl one in Figure 2 (adapted from ref. 2, and where 3 stays for the BT2-T4 cyclic trimer), or of applicative interest (e.g. pharmaceutical ones like DOPA, Figure 3 from ref. 3), concurrently with linear dynamic ranges for peak currents, affording enantiomer excess determination, particularly on disposable SPEs, testing small drops of enantiomer solutions. It is also remarkable that, while usual chiral recognition methods are based on selectors of natural origin and therefore available as a single enantiomer, this approach offers availability of both selector enantiomers. Thus inherently chiral enantiopure electrodes can indeed be regarded as a key to chiral voltammetry. With the contribution of Fondazione Cariplo, grant no.2011-0417 Patent deposited MI2014A000948-23/05/2014 References: [1] F. Sannicol\uf2, P.R. Mussini, T. Benincori, S. Arnaboldi, M. Panigati, E. Quartapelle Procopio et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 15298 \u2013 15302. [2] F. Sannicol\uf2, S. Arnaboldi, T. Benincori, P.R. Mussini, M. Panigati et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 2623 \u20132627. [3] S. Arnaboldi, T. Benincori, R. Cirilli, W. Kutner, M. Magni, P.R. Mussini, K. Noworyta, F. Sannicol\uf2, Chemical Science, 2015, 6, 1706\u20131711