EFFETTO DELLA VELOCITÀ DI ASSUNZIONE DI CIBO E DELLA PALATABILITA¿ SULLA SECREZIONE DI PEPTIDI GASTROINTESTINALI NELL¿ OBESITA¿ SEMPLICE E GENETICA.

Anorexigenic gastrointestinal hormones as peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and orexigenic hormone ghrelin influence the activity of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons in the hypothalamous. The ARC plays a crucial role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. In contrast, the mesolimbic dopamine system encodes subjective \u2018liking\u2019 and \u2018wanting\u2019 of palatable foods, which is subjected to modulation by the hindbrain and the hypothalamic homeostatic circuits and by satiety and adiposity hormones. Reportedly, obesity reflects an energy imbalance in which genetically susceptible individuals become increasingly vulnerable to an \u2018obesogenic\u2019 environment. Dietary and behavioral approaches to severe obesity are frequently associated with limited persistent success over the time rendering bariatric surgery one of the more promising therapy for \u201csuper-obese\u201d patients. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a purely \u201crestrictive\u201d operation applied in patients with body mass index (BMI)