Nonenzymatically glycated lipoprotein ApoA-I in plasma of diabetic and nephropathic patients

ApoA-I, which constitutes 70% of the apolipoprotein content of high-density lipoproteins, acts asan acceptor for the transfer of phospholipids and free cholesterol from peripheral tissues andtransports cholesterol in the liver and other tissue for excretion and steroidogenesis. In orderto verify its possible structural alteration in pathological states, plasma samples from healthy,diabetic, and nephropathic subjects have been analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.By this approach, clear differences among the three classes of subjects become evident and, inthe case of diabetic and nephropathic patients, intense spots are present. The matrix-assistedlaser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of their digestion products shows thatan overexpression of unglycated and glycated ApoA-I is present in both pathological states,reasonably affecting the efficiency in cholesterol transpor