Pleistocene tunnel valleys in the North Sea Basin

Tunnel valleys were first described over a century ago from the glaciated lowlands of northern Europe (Jentzsch 1884). Landforms described as tunnel valleys constitute open, partially or fully buried palaeo-landforms. Over the past 40 years the proliferation of geophysical surveys has allowed almost complete mapping of tunnel valleys across the North Sea Basin (Huuse & Lykke-Andersen 2000; Van der Vegt et al. 2012). In the central and southern North Sea, 3D seismic surveys completely image tunnel valley systems at a resolution of tens of metres (Fig. 1) (Praeg 1996; Stewart et al. 2013; Moreau & Huuse 2014)