Burnout and depression at work: the role of irrational beliefs, job demands and work-to-family spillover

Izgorelost in depresivnost sodita med najpogostejši duševni motnji v delovnem okolju in se povezujeta s številnimi negativnimi posledicami, tako na osebni ravni kot tudi na ravni organizacije. Namen magistrskega dela je bil podrobneje preučiti individualne dejavnike in dejavnike, ki vplivajo na razvoj motenj po izteku delovnega časa. Tako smo raziskali, kako se z izgorelostjo in depresivnostjo povezujejo z delom povezana iracionalna prepričanja (neuspeh in zahteve uspešnosti), prenos dela v zasebno življenje, kognitivne delovne zahteve, čustvene delovne zahteve, afektivna ruminacija in miselni odklop. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 207 zaposlenih oseb, v starostnem razponu od 20 do 69 let, od tega je bilo 54,1 % žensk. Udeleženci so imeli različne stopnje izobrazbe, delo so opravljali na različnih poklicnih področjih. Izpolnjevali so vprašalnik z demografskimi podatki, nato pa testno baterijo, sestavljeno iz vprašalnika izgorelosti (MBI- GS), vprašalnika o bolnikovem zdravju (PHQ-9), vprašalnika z delom povezanih iracionalnih prepričanj (WIB-Q), vprašalnika kazalnikov dela in zasebnosti (WHIB), vprašalnika ruminacije v zvezi z delom (WRRQ) in vprašalnika delovnih zahtev in virov. Zastavljene hipoteze smo preverjali s pomočjo hierarhične multiple regresije in mediacijskih analiz, kjer smo v vlogo mediatorjev postavili afektivno ruminacijo in miselni odklop. Rezultati so pokazali, da se izgorelost in depresivnost povezujeta s podobnimi konstrukti, iz česar lahko sklepamo, da je ločevanje med motnjama v poklicnem okolju oteženo. Med napovednike izgorelosti umeščamo afektivno ruminacijo, miselni odklop in prenos dela v zasebno življenje, depresivnost pa statistično pomembno napoveduje le afektivna ruminacija. Mediacijske analize nam povedo, da se neuspeh preko afektivne ruminacije povezuje z izgorelostjo in depresivnostjo, preko miselnega odklopa pa le z izgorelostjo. Prenos dela v zasebnost se preko miselnega odklopa povezuje z obema odvisnima spremenljivkama (izgorelostjo in depresivnostjo), čustvene delovne zahteve pa se preko afektivne ruminacije povezujejo le z izgorelostjo. Rezultati mediacijskih analiz, kjer v vlogi neodvisnih spremenljivk nastopajo zahteve uspešnosti in kognitivne delovne zahteve, kažejo, da se te niso izkazale kot statistično pomembne.Burnout and depression are two of the most common mental disorders in a professional environment and are associated with many negative outcomes that can occur in the personal and organizational field. The aim of the present study was to examine individual factors and factors that are linked with symptoms of disorders after we leave our working environment. Thus, we examined how are burnout and depression associated with work-related irrational beliefs (failure and performance demands), work-home interruption behavior, cognitive job demands, emotional job demands, affective rumination, and mental detachment. The sample consisted of a total of 207 employees, the age range was between 20 and 69 years, 54,1% were women. Employees had different levels of education and employment status. First, they filled out some demographic questions. Then we applied the test battery – Maslach Burnout Inventory-GS (MBI-GS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Work Related Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (WIB-Q), Work-Home Interruption Behavior questionnaire (WHIB), Work Related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) and Job Demands and Resources Questionnaire. We tested the given hypothesis with hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analysis, where we put affective rumination and mental disconnection in the role of mediators. Results have shown that burnout and depression are associated with similar constructs in the working environment and are therefore hard to segregate. The analysis has shown that burnout was predicted by affective rumination, mental detachment and work-home interruption behavior, the only predictor of depression was affective rumination. Mediation analysis has also shown that failure predicts burnout and depression through affective rumination, while mental detachment predicts only burnout. Work-home interruption behavior was linked with both dependent variables (burnout and depression) through mental detachment, while emotional job demands are associated with burnout through affective rumination. Results of mediation analysis, where performance demands and cognitive job demands were independent variables, were not statistically significant