Fat soluble vitamins and heart failure death

Objective: A few reports have investigated the association of dietary vitamin intakes with risk of heart failure in Asia. Therefore, we examined the relation of dietary intakes of fat-soluble vitamins A, K E, and D with mortality from heart failure in Japanese population. Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 23,099 men and 35,597 women aged 40-79 years participated in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study and completed a food frequency questionnaire, from which dietary intakes of vitamin A, K, E and D were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the sex-specific risk of heart failure mortality according to increasing quintiles of fat soluble vitamin intakes. Results: During median 19.3-year follow-up, there were 567 deaths from heart failure (395 men and 307 women). Dietary vitamin A intake showed no association with heart failure mortality in both genders; contrary, the reduced risk was observed in women but not in men with dietary intakes of vitamin K, E and D. The multivariable HRs (95% CI) in the highest versus the lowest intake quintiles among women were 0.63 (0.45, 0.87; P for trend=0.006) for vitamin K, 0.55 (0.36, 0.78; P for trend=0.006) for vitamin E and 0.66 (0.48, 0.93; P for trend= 0.01) for vitamin D. The association for each vitamin was slightly attenuated but remained statistically significant after mutual adjustment for other vitamins. Conclusions: High dietary intakes of fat soluble vitamins K, E and D were associated with reduced risk of heart failure mortality in Japanese women but not men