スポーツにおける言語論再考 : コーチング場面で話される言葉に着目して

The purpose of this paper was to depict the theoretical background of the language used in coaching scenes through the reexamination of the language used in coaching sessions.Focusing on the dialogue situation between the coach and the learner, it is divided into a “scientific language” which is a “denotational language” and a “waza language” which is a “metaphorical language”. According to Saussure (Ferdinand de Saussure, 1857-1913), the language is made up of signs, and this sign is divided into a concept (signifié) and a sound-image (signifiant). “Shoot” is to throw the ball into the goal in the basketball and anyone can do that if it is told, “bend an elbow at a 90-degree angle”. In this case, “shoot” is a signifiant and “throw the ball into the goal” indicates signifié. To consider for “denotational language”, the way of thinking with language as a sign is considered to be effective.Saussure declared the language acts by individual speakers as “parole”. Focusing on the interactive situation of “parole”, Benveniste (Émile Benveniste, 1902-1976) assumed the concept of linguistics of discourse. He said that the words will reproduce “reality”. In the background of the establishment of communication, there is a process in which a dialogue person recapture “reality”assumed by a speaker. In actual coaching scenes, the words used in the dialogue between the coaches and the learners are used in a special meaning, or new words are created during trial and error between the coaches and the learners. In such cases, it is thought that considering approaching “semantic meaning” towards the understanding of “reality” assumed by the speaker is effective.From the above, two kinds of languages in the coaching scenes were confirmed that the language which must strictly define the meaning, and the language which the meaning may change each time depending on the relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor