International audienceIn the 1990s, Neanderthal's presence east of the Rhine during the Eemian has been evidences by new investigations focusing on the chronology of Palaeolithic occupations both in Central and Middle Europe. More recently, in the area located to the west of the Rhine, the discovery of the site of Caours in the Somme basin in the early 2000s allowed, for the first time, to show that Neanderthal settled northern France during the Eemian optimum (MIS 5e).What’s up on the Western front since that discovery?In 2013, an exceptional site allocated to the Eemian interglacial has been evidenced at Waziers in the Scarpe River valley, a tributary of the Escaut (Scheldt), during rescue archaeological test-pits. The alluvial sequence, ...