Automatic Test Generation for Energy Consumption of Embedded Systems Modeled in EAST-ADL

Testing using architectural design models is intended to determine if the realized system meets its specification, and works as a whole in terms of computational components and their interactions. The growing complexity of embedded systems requires new techniques that are able to support testing of extra-functional requirements, like energy usage of components and systems, which is very necessary in order to obtain valid implementations. In this paper, we show how architectural models described in the EAST-ADL architectural language can also be used for testing the energy consumption of embedded systems, after transforming them into networks of formal models called priced timed automata. Assuming an EAST-ADL model annotated with energy consumption information, we show how to automatically generate energy-aware test cases based on statistical model checking (SMC) of the resulting network of priced timed automata. We automate the generation of executable test cases with UPPAAL SMC, using a test strategy based on several random simulation runs of the system. By seeding the original formal model with a set of energy-consumption related faults, we are able to carry out fault detection analysis. We apply this technique on a Brake-by-Wire system from the automotive domain, and evaluate it in terms of efficiency and model fault detection.