Continuum Kac-Moody algebras

We introduce a new class of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, which we refer to as continuum Kac-Moody algebras. Their construction is closely related to that of usual Kac-Moody algebras, but they feature a continuum root system with no simple roots. Their Cartan datum encodes the topology of a one-dimensional real space and can be thought of as a generalization of a quiver, where vertices are replaced by connected intervals. For these Lie algebras, we prove an analogue of the Gabber-Kac-Serre theorem, providing a complete set of defining relations featuring only quadratic Serre relations. Moreover, we provide an alternative realization as continuum colimits of symmetric Borcherds-Kac-Moody algebras with at most isotropic simple roots. The approach we follow deeply relies on the more general notion of a semigroup Lie algebra and its structural properties.Comment: Final version. Minor changes. Technical proofs moved to Appendix. Prop. 6.13 corrected. 42 pages. To appear in the Moscow Mathematical Journa