Open access : un cambio de paradigma para la puesta a disposición pública del conocimiento. El desarrollo en Alemania

La principal característica de open access consiste en que el aprovechamiento del conocimiento procedente del ámbito de educación y ciencia, que ha sido hecho público y se ha producido con fondos públicos, es libre (también en el sentido de | The main characteristic of Open Access consists in making use of knowledge coming from the area of Education and Science: knowledge that has been made public and has been produced through public funding should be free (also in the sense of being free-of-charge) to everyone. In Open Access there is a distinction between the Gold principle (publication in Open Access journals) and the Green principle (primary and secondary publications in Open Access archives or in institutional catalogues). This article offers a synopsis of scientific-political positions regarding Open Access. Open Access creates opportunities for informational autonomy of scholarly authors, but also represents a challenge for freedom of science, since authors that work in public institutions probably will not be granted exclusive exploitation rights. Also, the political and juridical debate opened in Germany regarding the current amendment of exploitation rights is analysed. Lastly, there is a discussion of several new business models --in the electronic environmentthat have grown from the Open Access movement. These can also serve the publishing industry, if it respects the basic principle of Open Access. | Das zentrale Merkmal von Open Access ist, dass die Nutzung von öffentlich gemachtem und mit öffentlichen Mitteln produziertem Wissen aus Bildung und Wissenschaft für jedermann frei (auch im Sinne vo