Synthetic cells synthesize therapeutic proteins inside tumors

The existing dogma is that protein medicines need to be produced in large factories, and then injected to the patient. We propose that miniature artificial inert factories can be injected to the patient, to produce a protein of interest directly in the diseased tissue. We engineered artificial cell-like particles with an autonomous capacity to synthesize protein drugs after receiving an external signal. The protein is tuned to the patient\u27s needs based on a predetermined DNA code we incorporate inside the particles. This approach increases treatment efficiency and reduces adverse effects to healthy tissues. We developed a new T7-S30 based cell-free protein synthesis system, which contains all the transcription and translation machines and molecules required for protein production (Krinsky et al., PloS one 2016). This system was used to prepare liposomes that act as artificial cells, capable of producing proteins autonomously in response to a physical trigger. Functional enzymes (luciferase and tyrosinase) and fluorescent proteins (GFP) were successfully produced using the new cell-free protein synthesis system and inside the particles both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated the therapeutic capabilities of the protein producing particles by producing Pseudomonas exotoxin A, an extremely potent protein, for treating cancer. Applying the particles on 4T1 cells (a triple-negative breast cancer cell-line) in vitro or injecting them into a 4T1-induced tumor in vivo, resulted in high cytotoxicity due to the effective production of the therapeutic protein inside the vesicles (Krinsky et al. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2017). Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract