An investigation of the effects of spray angle and injection strategy on dimethyl ether (DME) combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a common-rail diesel engine

An experimental investigation was performed on the effects of spray angle and injection strategies (single and multiple) on the combustion characteristics, concentrations of exhaust emissions, and the particle size distribution in a direct-injection (DI) compression ignition engine fueled with dimethyl ether (DME) fuel. In this study, two types of narrow spray angle injectors (theta(spray)=70 degrees and 60 degrees) were examined and its results were compared with the results of conventional spray angle (theta(spray) = 156 degrees). In addition, to investigate the optimal operating conditions, early single-injection and multiple-injection strategies were employed to reduce cylinder wall-wetting of the injected fuels and to promote the ignition of premixed charge. The engine test was performed at 1400 rpm, and the injection timings were varied from TDC to BTDC 40 of the crank angle. The experimental results showed that the combustion pressure from single combustion for narrow-angle injectors (theta(spray)=70 degrees and 60 degrees) is increased, as compared to the results of the wide-angle injector (theta(spray)=156 degrees) with advanced injection timing of BTDC 35 degrees. In addition, two peaks of the rate of heat release (ROHR) are generated by the combustion of air-fuel premixed mixtures. DME combustion for all test injectors indicated low levels of soot emissions at all injection timings. The NO(x) emissions for narrow-angle injectors simultaneously increased in proportion to the advance in injection timing up to BTDC 25 degrees, whereas BTDC 20 degrees for the wide-angle injector. For multiple injections, the combustion pressure and ROHR of the first injection with narrow-angle injectors are combusted more actively, and the ignition delay of the second injected fuel is shorter than with the wide-angle injector. However, the second combustion pressure and ROHR were lower than during the first injection, and combustion durations are prolonged, as compared to the wide-angle injector. With advanced timing of the first injection, narrow-angle injectors with multiple injections could achieve low NO(x) levels and soot levels similar to single-injection cases. Crown Copyright (c) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported, in part, by the Center for Environmentally Friendly Vehicle (CEFV) of the Eco-STAR project of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and the Second Brain Korea 21 Project. This work was also financially supported by a manpower development program for Energy & Resources and the project for development of a clean alternative fuelled power-train system (10033863-2009-11), supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy (MKE)