DES i AES

Data Encryption Standard (DES) je naziv za simetrični kriptosustav šifriranja elektronskih podataka, objavljen od strane američkog instituta za standarde (NBS) 15. siječnja 1977. godine, nakon 4 godine dugog natječaja i procesa standardiziranja. Razvio ga je IBM-ov tim, na čelu s Horstom Feistelom, 1974. godine. DES primjenjuje ključ duljine 56 bitova na 64-bitne blokove podataka. Proces se odvija u nekoliko faza i uključuje 16 rundi operacija. Mnogi kriptoanalitičari su pokušali pronaći razne brze metode razbijanja DES-a. Početkom 1997. godine, zajedničkim snagama internetske populacije od 14000 korisnika računala koji su isprobavali razne šifre, jedna poruka je konačno dešifrirana otkrivanjem ključa nakon isprobavanja samo 18 od mogućih 72 kvadrilijuna mogućih ključeva. NIST je kasnije objavio da DES neće ponovno dobiti certifikat kao standard i da će prihvaćati prijedloge za njegove zamjene. Sljedeći prihvaćeni standard će biti poznat pod imenom Advanced Encryption Standard. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) je specifikacija za način šifriranja elektronskih podataka, objavljen od strane američkog instituta za standarde i tehnologiju (NIST) 26. studenog 2001. godine, nakon petogodišnjeg procesa natječaja i standardizacije u kojem se natjecalo 15 kandidata, od kojih je Rijndael procijenjen najboljim i odabran kao budući standard. Svaki AES šifrat se sastoji od blokova veličine 128-bitova i ključeva veličine 128, 192 i 256 bitova. AES je mnogo puta analiziran što je dovelo do upotrebe na svjetskoj razini, kao što je to bila situacija i s njegovim prethodnikom, Data Encryption Standard-om. AES je prvi javno objavljeni i u potpunosti dostupni način šifriranja podataka, odobren i od američke sigurnosne agencije NSA.The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a specification for a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of electronic data adopted by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) on January 15, 1977 after a 4 year-long contest and standardization process. It was developed by an IBM team, with Horst Feistel’s lead, around 1974. DES applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data. The process can run in several modes and involves 16 rounds or operations. Many cryptanalysts have attempted to find shortcuts for breaking the system. Early in 1997, a cooperative effort on the Internet of over 14,000 computer users trying out various keys finally deciphered the message, discovering the key after running through only 18 quadrillion of the 72 quadrillion possible keys. NIST has later indicated DES that will not be recertified as a standard and submissions for its replacement are being accepted. The next standard will be known as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a specification for the encryption of electronic data adopted by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on November 26, 2001 after a 5-year standardization process in which fifteen competing designs were presented and evaluated before Rijndael was selected as the most suitable. Each AES cipher has a 128-bit block size, with key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. The AES ciphers have been analyzed extensively and are now used worldwide, as was the case with its predecessor, the Data Encryption Standard (DES). AES is the first publicly accessible and open cipher approved by the NSA