The Democratic Deficit in the EU : The Lisbon Treaty's efforts and results

The question regarding the democratic deficit has been a heavily debated issue for decades and is still present in contemporary literature. In the light of Brexit and the increase of Euroscepticism around the continent, the question regarding democracy is essential for the European union to obtain legitimacy. This essay aims to address the democratic deficit as a concept, the Lisbon treaty’s efforts to reduce the democratic deficit, and finally, examine if the democratic deficit has been reduced as a result to the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon. The study identifies the issue regarding the democratic deficit in five major subjects; demos, integration, participation, transparency and accountability. Many of the efforts helps reducing the deficit in some regards, but never to a full extent. The ordinary legislative procedure, the citizen’s initiative, the of granting more power to national parliaments, more transparency and assuring protection of human rights by law makes the EU more democratic, but not fully. The issue regarding accountability, participation and especially transparency remains a problem, despite the Treaty of Lisbon’s efforts. This study shows that some parts of the EU simply can’t be made more democratic