Changes in tree species richness, stand structure and soil properties in a successional chronosequence in northern Chiloé Island, Chile

We studied a chronosequence of forest fragments in northern Chiloé Island, southern Chile, with the aim of assessing ecosystem recovery patterns following anthropogenic disturbance. Hypotheses regarding successional trends in tree species richness, the replacement of shade-intolerant by shade-tolerant species, and the impact of disturbance on soil properties were evaluated in nine forest stands. The chronosequence encompassed two early (minimum stand age <15 years), three mid-successional (30-60 years), three late-successional (129-134 years), and one old-growth stand (ca. 200 years). Stand ages were estimated by coring a minimum of 30 canopy trees in each stand. Early and mid-successional stands showed evidence of human disturbance by fire of moderate intensity, with few scattered old trees surviving the fire. We determined densities and basal areas of all trees in a 50 x 20 m plot, and densities of saplings and seedlings in subsamples of each plot. Soil pH, total carbon (C) and nitr