New traits of genetically modified plants in production market

Letos mineva že 24 let od komercializacije prve gensko spremenjene rastline – paradižnika \u27Flavr Savr\u27 (leta 1994) z lastnostjo upočasnjenega zorenja. Kljub temu, da Evropa ne sprejema teh rastlin, pa smo na globalnem področju priča sprejemanju in širjenju te tehnologije v kmetijski pridelavi, pričakujemo pa tudi nove poljščine pridobljene s postopki preurejanja genomov. Vsako leto smo priča odobritvam novih gensko spremenjenih lastnosti. V letu 1996, ko so GSO-je začeli gojiti na poljih so posadili 1,7 milijona ha z GSO sojo, koruzo in bombažem, do leta 2015 pa so se v 20 letih površine z GSO povečale na 179,7 ha kmetijskih površin, kar je 100-kratno povečanje in kaže na dober sprejem teh pridelkov s strani kmetov v svetovnem merilu. Namreč ta površina predstavlja kar 10 % svetovnih obdelovalnih zemljišč. V letu 2014 je bilo na svetovnem nivoju razmerje med transgenimi-netransgenimi poljščinami sledeče: 30 % koruze, 82 % soje, 25 % oljne ogrščice in 68 % bombaža. V tej diplomski nalogi smo predstavili dogodke vnosa genov v rastline, kakšni so postopki vnosa genov, kakšne tržne lastnosti dobimo z vnesenimi geni ter dovoljenja za direktno rabo in predelavo v prehrani ljudi in krmi za živino ter za domačo in industrijsko pridelavo, ki so jih podelile različne države v letih od 2011-2016. To smo naredili s pomočjo različnih podatkovnih zbirk kot so: ISAAA GM Approval Database, Biosafety clearing in spletna stran komisije Evropske Unije o GSO dovoljenih v EU.It has been 24 years since the commercialization of the first genetically modified plant-tomato \u27Flavr Savr\u27 (year 1994) with the trait of delayed ripening. Despite EU disapproval of the GMOs the adoption and spreading of this technology in global area in the field of agriculture is still growing, besides that plants obtained through genome editing techniques are expected to be cultivated soon. New genetically modified traits get approved every year. They first planted GMO-s in the year 1996 in the covered area of 1.7 million ha including GMO soybeans, corn and cotton. In the year 2015 the area planted with GMO increased to 179,7 million ha which is a 100-fold increase and shows good adoption rate from farmers. This area represents 10% of total world agricultural land. In the year of 2014 30 % of corn, 82 % of soybean, 25 % of canola in 68 % of cotton on global level were biotech crops. In this Bachelor thesis we have presented the transgenic events and companies used gene transfer tehniques and authorizations for direct use and processing in food, feed and domestic or non-domestic cultivation which have been approved by different countries/authorities in the years of 2011-2016. We have accomplished this taks with the search of different databases such are ISAAA GM Approval Database, Biosafety clearing house and the website of EU commission on GMOs allowed in EU