Generating of soil in the process of bioremediation.

Napredak tehnologije i industrije u poslednjih sto godina, porast populacije i razvoj velikih gradova, dovode do generisanja otpada čija količina prevazilazi sposobnost prirode za samoprečišćavanjem. Nagomilavanje otpadnog materijala različitog porekla dovodi do sve većeg zagađenja životne sredine uključujuči i zemljište. Otpadne supstance koje se ne mogu razgraditi degradiraju zemljište, i prouzrokuju poremećaje normalnih procesa u njemu, sa negativnim posledicama po ekosistem i zdravlje ljudi.Nafta kao i njeni derivati predstavljaju jedan od najvećih i najopasnijih zagađivača životne sredine, a samim tim i zemljišta. Do zagađenja naftom i naftnim derivatima može doći usled njene eksploatacije, prerade, transporta, skladištenja i korišćenja, ali i usled slučajnih izlivanja. Metoda koja se poslednjih godina sve više koristi za saniranje posledica usled zagađenja naftom je bioremedijacija.Bioremedijacija je proces koji se bazira na prirodnom kapacitetu mikroorganizama za degradaciju ili transformaciju toksičnih supstanci u životnoj sredini u bezopasne proizvode. Bioremedijacione tehnologije su u skladu sa principima održivog razvoja, jer ne generišu otpad, a tretirano zemljište može da povrati svoju prirodnu biološku aktivnost.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita primena različitih mikroorganizama kao „bioloških agenasa“, kroz dva procesa od suštinskog značaja za nastanak zemljišta. Prvi podrazumeva ispitivanje zimogenog aktivnog konzorcijuma mikroorganizama za ex situ bioremedijaciju složenog naftnog kontaminanta u sloju veštačkog zemljišnog supstrata, sa rečnim peskom kao matičnom stenom, uz simultano praćenje procesa humifikacije. Mobilizacija fosfora posredstvom mikroorgnizama je druga grupa procesa, koja je proučavana u ovom radu, tako što su korišćeni fosfatna ruda i koncentat pirita kao supstrat, uz dodatak acidofilne bakterijske kulture Acidithiobacillus sp. kao katalizatora.Istraživanja bazirana na simultanoj bioremedijacija i humifikaciji obuhvatila su tri eksperimenta...The advance of technology and industry in the last hundred years, population growth and the development of big cities have led to the production of waste materials in quantities which exceed self-purification capacity of nature. The accumulation of waste materials of various origin causes increased pollution of the environment, including soil. Nondegradable waste materials degrade soil and disrupt normal soil processes, which has negative effects on the ecosystem and human health.Petroleum and its derivatives are one of the major and most dangerous pollutants of soil. Pollution by petroleum and petroleum derivatives is caused by its exploitation, processing, transport, storage and use, but also by accidental spills. Bioremediation is a method of reducing petroleum pollution which has been widely used in the last years.Bioremediation is a process which is based on the natural capacity of microorganisms to degrade or transform toxic substances from the environment into harmless products. Bioremediation technologies are in harmony with the principles of sustainable development since waste materials are not generated, and the treated soil can recover its natural biological activity.The aim of this paper is to study the use of different microorganisms as “biological agents” through two processes which are of crucial importance for soil formation. The first one includes the study of an active consortium of zymogenous microorganisms for ex situ bioremediation of a complex petroleum contaminant in the layer of artificial soil substrate with river sand as parent material, along with simultaneous monitoring of the humification process. Phosphorus mobilisation by microorganisms is the second group of processes studied in this paper and in this study phosphate ore and pyrite concentrate are used as substrate while the culture of acidophilic bacteria Acidithiobacillus sp. was added as a catalyst.The studies based on simultaneous bioremediation and humification included..