Diplomatski odnosi Francuske i Jugoslavije 1954. - 1962. i Alžirski rat za neovisnost

Alžirski rat za neovisnost (1954. – 1962.) oružani je sukob nastao u dekolonizacijskim procesima tokom hladnoga rata, no – zbog specifičnog statusa francuskog Alžira, njegovoga društva, ali i šire geopolitičke konjunkture – bio je obilježen brojnim osobitostima. Kao glavni predmet ovog istraživanja nametnulo se pitanje razvoja diplomatskih odnosa Jugoslavije s Francuskom zbog jugoslavenske uloge u sukobu. Alžirski pokret za nezavisnost (FLN) uspijeh alžirske borbe temeljio je na internacionalizaciji alžirskoga pitanja, u što se – iz vlastitih političko-ekonomskih pobuda – uključila i Federativna Narodna Republika Jugoslavija koja prilikom pružanja pomoći borcima za nezavisnost vješto iskorištava vlastitu pripadnost između dva bloka. Takva je jugoslavenska pomoć i vanjska politika nužno morala biti ograničena te oprezna prema (prijateljskoj) Francuskoj – uglednoj članici NATO-a i Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a, koja je Alžir smatrala integralnim dijelom svoje države sa značajnom europskom populacijom. FNRJ u Alžirskome ratu vidi mogućnost da se isprofilira kao vođa pokreta nesvrstanosti, a u bivšim afričkim kolonijama nađe tržišta za izvoz vlastitih proizvoda. Dozirajući način i količinu podrške upućene FLN-u, FNRJ uspijeva izbjeći prekid odnosa s Francuskom, unatoč kritičnim trenucima krajem 1961. i početkom 1962. Prijelomni događaj u tijeku rata, kao i francusko-jugoslavenske odnose, bio je dolazak generala Charlesa de Gaullea na vlast. Njegovim imenovanjem rat ulazi u novu fazu koja će donijeti gotovo potpuno uništenje vojnih kapaciteta FLN-a, ali će, zahvaljujući diplomatskim naporima i nespremnosti kolona na kompromis, rezultirati alžirskom neovisnošću. Zahvaljujući angažiranosti FNRJ u anti-kolonijalnim naporima, posebice po pitanju Alžira, okončanjem rata otvorile su se mogućnosti pristupa brojnim afričkim tržištima. Unatoč francuskim protestima, prepoznata je medijatorska uloga koju Jugoslavija može igrati između Francuske i afričkih država, te postupno dolazi do zatopljivanja odnosa nakon zaključivanja Évian ugovora. Tri mjeseca kasnije Alžir je stekao neovisnost 3. srpnja, dok je Francuska zadržala gospodarsku prisutnost.The Algerian War for Independence (1954 - 1962) was an armed conflict in decolonization proces during the Cold War, but due to the specific status of French Algeria, its society, as well as the wider geopolitical conjunction, it was marked by numerous specifics. The main subject of this research was the question how did the involvement of the former Yugoslavia in the conflict affect its diplomatic relations with France. The Algeria Movement for Independence (FLN) realized the importance of internationalization of the Algeria's problem. Pursuing its own political and economic interests, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) was assisting the Algerian fighters for independence, while at the same time successfully exploiting its position between the two blocs. In providing aid to the Algerians, the Yugoslavs had to be cautious towards (traditionally friendly) France - a respectable NATO member and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. France considered Algeria as an integral part of its country with a significant European population. For the FPRY the Algerian War was seen as an opportunity to position itself as the leader of the Non-Aligned Movement. In addition, the influence and prestige earned by helping the FLN during the Algerian war gave the FPRY an opportunity to access markets of former African colonies. This way the Yugoslavs were able to export their own products in friendly countries. Carefully monitoring the way and amount of support directed at FLN, FPRY managed to avoid rupture in relations with France, despite critical moments in the period of late 1961. and early 1962. Single most important event in the course of the war, as well as the Franco-Yugoslav relations, was the return of General Charles de Gaulle to power. With his appointment, the war entered a new phase that will result in almost total destruction of FLN's military capabilities. Due to the great diplomatic efforts and the unwillingness of the pieds-noirs to compromise, the war ended in favor of Algerian independence. Thanks to the FPRY's engagement in anti-colonial efforts, especially in Algeria, the end of the war brought to the Yugoslavs great amount of influence among the newly emerged countries. Despite the French protests against FPRY's support towards FLN, they realised the importance that Yugoslav may play, most notably, as a mediator between France and new African countries. Three months after the Évian Accords and ending of franco-algerian hostilities, Algeria gained its independence on 3rd of July, while France maintained its economic presenc