Movement, degradation, and detection of atrazine following long-term use in a continuous corn cropping system

In southeast Alaska as in older United States territories, permanent Caucasian settlement brought extreme suffering, injustice and cultural I Loss to Indians, Despite the vast upheavals, Indians kept alive two powerful traditions: an intense ethnic identity, and a commitment to self-determination, This dissertation documents expressions of these two legacies in southeast Alaska from the United States\u27 occupation in 1867 to the formation of the Alaska Native Brotherhood, a Native advocacy group, in 1912. It explores ethnic identity and active choice among Indians who interacted with military personnel, served on the Indian police force, participated in the caucasian economic system, responded to missionaries and educators, and worked as layworkers and teachers. It also discusses policies of Caucasian officials and missionaries who repressed Native customs, yet condoned and supported the persistence of a strong Native ethnic identity. It suggests that many Indian leaders cooperated with certain Caucasians because they believed they would thus retain more control over their destiny and that of their people. Indians could not prevent settlement of Alaska by the United States, but they could decide how to respond to the foreign presence. Many Indians never relinquished their ethnic identity or their commitment to remain active agents in shaping their own futures. Keeping these traditions vibrant, they were the precursors of Alaskan Indian political leaders of the twentieth century. This study focuses on their determination--the strength that laid the foundation for Indian rights movements in Alaska, and inspires the renaissance of Native cultural expression there today