Changes in iron, calcium, and lipid status by dietary alterations

In the first study, 13 adult healthy females participate in the human feeding study. Four dietary treatments were used; high heme iron plus low calcium, high heme iron plus high calcium, low heme plus low calcium and low heme plus high calcium. Results showed that iron retentions were higher when the beef containing diets were fed. Use of calcium supplements resulted in improved calcium retention when feeding in both high heme and low heme iron diets. However, it is preferable to use calcium supplements in combination with heme rich diets rather than with diets which are poorly supplied with heme iron. In the second study, 43 University of Nebraska students volunteered to participate in this survey study by filling out a questionnaire sheet. Results showed that the tendency to misunderstand nutritional messages in medium and high exercise level women may have caused to favor eating white-meated turkey and chicken jeopardizing their iron intake and potentially increasing for development iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia; one of the motivations among well conditioned athletes for special dietary practices is losing weight as opposed to sensible, balanced dietary practices in order to maintain ideal body weight and human well-being. In the third study, 75 male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing soybean oil or canola oil with either full vitamin supplementations or 2/3 vitamin supplementations. Results showed that numerically, HDL-cholesterol level were highest and the cholesterol level were lowest in animals when fed canola oil in comparison to values achieved with feeding of soybean oil. Cardiac lipid concentrations tended to be higher in rats fed either canola oil or soybean oil in comparison to values of animals fed regular chow. Hepatic lipid concentrations were significantly increased when rats fed 2/3 vitamin supplements in both soybean oil and canola oil groups than in animals fed full vitamins. All the experimental groups had higher liver iron storage than did the control group. Among the experimental groups, feeding soybean oil with full vitamin supplements resulted in highest liver iron storage. Kidney calcium concentrations were significantly lower when the canola oil diet with 2/3 vitamin supplements was used than when other diets were fed