Total exposure and exposure rate effects for alcohol and smoking and risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis of case-control studies.
- Lubin, J.H.
- Purdue, M.
- Kelsey, K.
- Zhang, Z.F.
- Winn, D.
- Wei, Q.
- Talamini, R.
- Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N.
- Sturgis, E.M.
- Smith, E.
- Shangina, O.
- Schwartz, S.M.
- Rudnai, P.
- Neto, J.E.
- Muscat, J.
- Morgenstern, H.
- Menezes, A.
- Matos, E.
- Mates, I.N.
- Lissowska, J.
- Levi, F.
- Lazarus, P.
- La Vecchia, C.
- Koifman, S.
- Herrero, R.
- Franceschi, S.
- Wünsch-Filho, V.
- Fernandez, L.
- Fabianova, E.
- Daudt, A.W.
- Dal Maso, L.
- Curado, M.P.
- Chen, C.
- Castellsague, X.
- Brennan, P.
- Boffetta, P.
- Hashibe, M.
- Hayes, R.B.
DOIAbstract
Although cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption increase risk for head and neck cancers, there have been few attempts to model risks quantitatively and to formally evaluate cancer site-specific risks. The authors pooled data from 15 case-control studies and modeled the excess odds ratio (EOR) to assess risk by total exposure (pack-years and drink-years) and its modification by exposure rate (cigarettes/day and drinks/day). The smoking analysis included 1,761 laryngeal, 2,453 pharyngeal, and 1,990 oral cavity cancers, and the alcohol analysis included 2,551 laryngeal, 3,693 pharyngeal, and 3,116 oval cavity cancers, with over 8,000 controls. Above 15 cigarettes/day, the EOR/pack-year decreased with increasing cigarettes/day, suggesting th...
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