Design of a virtual sensor data array for the analysis of RDX, HMX and DMNB using metal-doped screen printed electrodes and chemometric analysis

The detection of explosive substances is a subject of high importance in several areas including environmental health, de-mining efforts (land and sea) and security and defence against terrorist activity. The use of electrochemical methods for the detection of these substances has increased in recent years but still is quite restricted to the most common explosives. The electrochemical detection of explosive nitroamines and taggant substances in solution using a virtual sensor array of metal-doped screen printed electrodes and differential pulse voltammetry was achieved. The multiple sets of voltammetric data from the different electrodic systems using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were integrated using multivariate analysis (PCA, NIPALS and LDA) and matched with known substances present in explosives. These combinations created a mathematical array which separated the explosives, even if the electrochemical information is buried or mixed with the background noise. Two explosive substances: octogen (HMX- 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine) and cyclonite (RDX- Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and a taggant agent 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) were subjected to electrochemical analysis using a solid carbon- based screen printed electrode modified with silver, gold and platinum in aqueous solutions. Keywords