Sustainable Management of Fishery Resources and Development in Africa: Sustainable Management of Artisanal Fisheries and Local Development in Senegalese Coast Facing The Globalization of Fish Market

Abstract only.In Africa, the artisanal fishing plays a crucial role in the economy and\ud nutrition of populations. She participates in the equilibrium of the balance\ud of payments, and generates significant jobs. On the coast of Senegal in\ud particular, artisanal fisheries ranked first in economic activities. It carries\ud more than 1.8% of GDP, over 12% of the total GDP of primary industry\ud and is the main source of foreign currency in the country with 280 million\ud euros of income (Missions, 2006). Artisanal fisheries also carries 87% of\ud fish production on the coast and provides supply the domestic market, 60%\ud of export industries of fishery products (CRODT, 2000). It occupies a\ud significant part of the Senegalese population (600 000): over 52 000\ud fishermen (CRODT, 2006) and induced jobs related to artisanal processing\ud and fish trading. It contributes significantly to food security of the\ud Senegalese population: the fish is their main source of protein intake\ud (75%). However, fishing is now in environmental crisis: the exhaustion of\ud stocks of fisheries, decreased the size of species caught (Octopus vulgaris,\ud Epinephelus aenus, etc.), and lower landings of demersal species. This\ud situation leads to socio-economic crisis with falling incomes of fishermen\ud and the impoverishment of families. As aggravating factor, we find the last\ud few years, the supply of increasingly difficult market and local channels of\ud processing scale, more and more products being exported to the EU. The\ud crisis is indicative of very poor governance of the entire fishing industry.\ud Lack of supervision of actors in the sector, free access to the resource, the\ud importance of industrial fishing licenses issued to international partners\ud who operate unabated fishing areas are emblematic of the lack of reflection\ud global problems of resource management, regulatory actors and the\ud organization of streams in Senegal and, more broadly, in all the coastal\ud countries of West Africa in a context of growing local demand for food,\ud competition Global access and control of resources, and necessary\ud environmental management of internationalized production areas coveted.\ud Facing the challenges of globalization, but also local development, what\ud policies and development strategies and sustainable management are put in\ud place in the area of artisanal fishing? Keywords: Artisanal fisheries,\ud Senegalese coast, local development, globalization, sustainable\ud management of fisheries resources