Review of \u3ci\u3eMyths America Lives By\u3c/i\u3e By Richard T. Hughes

Scholars of American culture can resist anything except temptation, and the ultimate temptation is to write a jeremiad. Like New England divines, suckled in a creed outworn, calling for reform from pulpits tenured and unnoticed, the contemporary academic observer of American life, as a matter of professional privilege, redrafts his raw material into a social gospel. Its formal features are fundamentalism and selective evidence. Its mood is unironic. It has one ending: decline and fall. Richard T. Hughes\u27s Myths America Lives By suggests that the United States has both created and been created by six national, and in some cases pre-national, myths. These include the myth of the Chosen Nation, of Nature\u27s Nation, of the Christian Nation, of the Millennial Nation, of the Capitalist Nation, and of the Innocent Nation. Each of these is a doomed proposition, should readers wonder. Hughes has selected them for their done for character. The riposte to each myth is furnished by a representative African American or Native American, whose superficially-presented discontent at white male ideas about America is meant to critique national failings. (Frederick Douglass never sounded so dull in his career as he does when he\u27s obliged to critique the absolutized myth of the Christian Nation.) And despite centuries of censorious comment by the marginalized, it was only recently that America awoke from its myth-nap: these myths stood virtually unchallenged from the Revolution to the 1960s. Evidently the prevailing myth since 1968 is Multicultural Guilt-Ridden Enfranchising -the-Marginalized Nation. Never mind that the term myth is wildly misapplied throughout this text and that the average Athenian in the ancient world could better explain the difference between myth and lie. (Hughes does not mean myth; he means what even Northrup Frye, father of North American myth criticism and absent from the index to this book, would have called modestly a mode. Frye reserved mythoi for primal plots, not fugue states of those plots.) Hughes\u27s six myths fold neatly into the jeremiad\u27s pressure to narrate history in one way, toward one finale of 1960s challenges. Historical context, or even textual sources, for where each myth came from are uneven; in most cases, Hughes\u27s analysis is superseded by the past, namely by old-fashioned Americanist scholarship such as Perry Miller\u27s or Vernon Parrington\u27s, or even D. H. Lawrence\u27s