Strain induced alteration of the gadolinium surface state

Strain induced alteration of the gadolinium surface state The electronic structure of strained and unstrained Gd(0001) has been studied with photoemission, inverse photoemission, and spin-polarized photoemission. A shift of the occupied majority and unoccupied minority surface states has been observed as a result of the strain, consistent with the phase accumulation model. There is a strain induced shift of the minority spin surface state across the Fermi level. ©1998 American Institute of Physics