Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2008

The Department of State is required by law to submit a Report each year to the U.S. Congress on foreign governments’ efforts to eliminate severe forms of traffi cking in persons. This Report is the eighth annual TIP Report. It is intended to raise global awareness, to highlight efforts of the international community, and to encourage foreign governments to take effective actions to counter all forms of traffi cking in persons. Contents Introduction 4-37 The 2008 Trafficking in Persons Report 5-18 Purpose 5 Human Trafficking Defined 6 The Scope and Nature of Modern-Day Slavery 7 Focus of the 2008 TIP Report 8 Methodology 11 Major Forms of Trafficking in Persons 19-28 Forced Labor 19 Bonded Labor 19 Debt Bondage and Involuntary Servitude Among Migrant Laborers 20 Involuntary Domestic Servitude 21 Forced Child Labor 21 Child Soldiers 21 Sex Trafficking and Prostitution 23 Children Exploited for Commercial Sex 24 Child Sex Tourism 24 Punishing Trafficking Offenders Adequately 25 Protecting Victims Adequately 27 Prevention: Spotlight on Addressing Demand 28 Importance of Research 32 Democracy and Human Trafficking 34 Global Law Enforcement Data 37 Commendable Initiatives Around the World 38-39 2008 TIP Report Heroes 40-43 Tier Placements/Maps 44-50 U.S. Government Domestic Anti-Trafficking Efforts 51 Country Narratives 52-29