International audienceThe article begins by showing the paradoxes of description : a neutral and objective description is an impossibility ; description can take various forms and can expand or contract (accordion effect). Then, the paper focuses on the possible scientific role of the description, which is essentially to shake the ideas and theories commonly accepted. Finally, it gives some insights on how to construct a theoretical description, which involves taking a minimal view, excluding, and then developing a series of other points of view adding one by one the excluded elements.L’article commence par montrer les paradoxes de la description : une description neutre et objective est une impossibilité ; elle peut prendre des formes dive...